The Church of Scientology is an organization devoted to the practice and promotion of Scientology, a new religious movement.

The Church of Scientology International is the Church of Scientology's parent organization, and is responsible for the overall management, dissemination and propagation of Scientology. Every Church of Scientology is separately incorporated and has its own local board of directors and executives responsible for its own activities and corporate well-being.  The first Scientology church was incorporated in December 1953 in Camden, New Jersey by L. Ron Hubbard.  Its international headquarters are located at the Gold Base, located in an unincorporated area of Riverside County, California, the location of which is kept secret from most Scientologists.

The highest authority in the Church of Scientology is in The Church of Scientology International (CSI) and the Religious Technology Center (RTC), whose headquarters are in Los Angeles. CSI "is the mother church and has the mission of propagating the Scientology creed around the world." RTC's main function is to "preserve, maintain, and protect the purity of the Scientology technology in accord with Hubbard's original research and to insure its proper and ethical delivery." The Scientology Missions International is under CSI and RTC and functions as "the central church to Scientology missions worldwide."

Although in some countries it has attained legal recognition as a religion, the church has been the subject of a number of controversies, and has been described by its critics as both a cult and a commercial enterprise.